Enerji ve Maden Kaynakları - Yararlanılan Kaynaklar

 

Metin Referansları

1. Ague, Jay James, and George H. Brimhall. 1989. “Geochemical Modeling of Steady State Fluid Flow and Chemical Reaction during Supergene Enrichment of Porphyry Copper Deposits.” Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists 84 (3). economicgeology.org: 506–28.
2. Arndt, N. T. 1994. “Chapter 1 Archean Komatiites.” In Developments in Precambrian Geology, edited by K.C. Condie, 11:11–44. Elsevier.
3. Bárdossy, György, and Gerardus Jacobus Johannes Aleva. 1990. Lateritic Bauxites. Vol. 27. Elsevier Science Ltd.
4. Barrie, C. T. 1999. “Volcanic-Associated Massive Sulfide Deposits: Processes and Examples in Modern and Ancient Settings.” Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 8. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Perfit/publication/241276560_Geologic_petrologic_and_geochemical_relationships_between_magmatism_and_massive_sulfide_mineralization_along_the_eastern_Galapagos_Spreading_Center/links/02e7e51c8707bbfe9c000000.pdf.
5. Barrie, L. A., and R. M. Hoff. 1984. “The Oxidation Rate and Residence Time of Sulphur Dioxide in the Arctic Atmosphere.” Atmospheric Environment 18 (12). Elsevier: 2711–22.
6. Bauquis, Pierre-René. 1998. “What Future for Extra Heavy Oil and Bitumen: The Orinoco Case.” In Paper Presented by TOTAL at the World Energy Congress, 13:18.
7. Belloc, H. 1913. The Servile State. T.N. Foulis.
8. Blander, M., S. Sinha, A. Pelton, and G. Eriksson. 2011. “Calculations of the Influence of Additives on Coal Combustion Deposits.” Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois. enersol.pk, 315.
9. Boudreau, Alan E. 2016. “The Stillwater Complex, Montana–Overview and the Significance of Volatiles.” Mineralogical Magazine 80 (4). Mineralogical Society: 585–637.
10. Bromfield, C. S., A. J. Erickson, M. A. Haddadin, and H. H. Mehnert. 1977. “Potassium-Argon Ages of Intrusion, Extrusion, and Associated Ore Deposits, Park City Mining District, Utah.” Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists 72 (5). economicgeology.org: 837–48.
11. Brown, Valerie J. 2007. “Industry Issues: Putting the Heat on Gas.” Environmental Health Perspectives 115 (2). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov: A76.
12. Cabri, Louis J., Donald C. Harris, and Thorolf W. Weiser. 1996. “Mineralogy and Distribution of Platinum-Group Mineral (PGM) Placer Deposits of the World.” Exploration and Mining Geology 2 (5). infona.pl: 73–167.
13. Crutzen, Paul J., and Jos Lelieveld. 2001. “Human Impacts on Atmospheric Chemistry.” Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 29 (1). Annual Reviews 4139 El Camino Way, PO Box 10139, Palo Alto, CA 94303-0139, USA: 17–45.
14. Delaney, M. L. 1998. “Phosphorus Accumulation in Marine Sediments and the Oceanic Phosphorus Cycle.” Global Biogeochemical Cycles 12 (4). Wiley Online Library: 563–72.
15. Demaison, G. J., and G. T. Moore. 1980. “Anoxic Environments and Oil Source Bed Genesis.” Organic Geochemistry 2 (1). Elsevier: 9–31.
16. Dott, Robert H., and Merrill J. Reynolds. 1969. “Sourcebook for Petroleum Geology.” American Association of Petroleum Geologists Tulsa, Okla. http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/methodo1/data/a072/a072/0001/0000/vi.htm.
17. Duffield, Wendell A. 2005. “Volcanoes, Geothermal Energy, and the Environment.” Volcanoes and the Environment. Cambridge University Press, 304.
18. Einaudi, Marco T., and Donald M. Burt. 1982. “Introduction; Terminology, Classification, and Composition of Skarn Deposits.” Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists 77 (4). economicgeology.org: 745–54.
19. Gandossi, Luca. 2013. “An Overview of Hydraulic Fracturing and Other Formation Stimulation Technologies for Shale Gas Production.” Eur. Commisison Jt. Res. Cent. Tech. Reports. skalunudujos.lt. http://skalunudujos.lt/wp-content/uploads/an-overview-of-hydraulic-fracturing-and-other-stimulation-technologies.pdf.
20. Gordon, Mackenzie, Jr, Joshua I. Tracey Jr, and Miller W. Ellis. 1958. “Geology of the Arkansas Bauxite Region.” pubs.er.usgs.gov. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp299.
21. Gordon, W. Anthony. 1975. “Distribution by Latitude of Phanerozoic Evaporite Deposits.” The Journal of Geology 83 (6). journals.uchicago.edu: 671–84.
22. Haber, Fritz. 2002. “The Synthesis of Ammonia from Its Elements Nobel Lecture, June 2, 1920.” Resonance 7 (9). Springer India: 86–94.
23. Hawley, Charles Caldwell. 2014. A Kennecott Story: Three Mines, Four Men, and One Hundred Years, 1887-1997. University of Utah Press.
24. Hirsch, Robert L., Roger Bezdek, and Robert Wendling. 2006. “Peaking of World Oil Production and Its Mitigation.” AIChE Journal. American Institute of Chemical Engineers 52 (1). Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company: 2–8.
25. Hitzman, M., R. Kirkham, D. Broughton, J. Thorson, and D. Selley. 2005. “The Sediment-Hosted Stratiform Copper Ore System.” Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists 100th . eprints.utas.edu.au. http://eprints.utas.edu.au/705/.
26. Hofstra, Albert H., and Jean S. Cline. 2000. “Characteristics and Models for Carlin-Type Gold Deposits.” Reviews in Economic Geology 13. Society of Economic Geologists: 163–220.
27. James, L. P. 1979. Geology, Ore Deposits, and History of the Big Cottonwood Mining District, Salt Lake County, Utah. Bulletin (Utah Geological and Mineral Survey). Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Utah Department of Natural Resources.
28. Kim, Won-Young. 2013. “Induced Seismicity Associated with Fluid Injection into a Deep Well in Youngstown, Ohio.” Journal of Geophysical Research, [Solid Earth] 118 (7). Wiley Online Library: 3506–18.
29. Klein, Cornelis. 2005. “Some Precambrian Banded Iron-Formations (BIFs) from around the World: Their Age, Geologic Setting, Mineralogy, Metamorphism, Geochemistry, and Origins.” The American Mineralogist 90 (10). Mineralogical Society of America: 1473–99.
30. Laylin, James K. 1993. Nobel Laureates in Chemistry, 1901-1992. Chemical Heritage Foundation.
31. Leach, D. L., and D. F. Sangster. 1993. “Mississippi Valley-Type Lead-Zinc Deposits.” Mineral Deposit Modeling: Geological. researchgate.net. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Elisabeth_Rowan/publication/252527999_Genetic_link_between_Ouachita_foldbelt_tectonism_and_the_Mississippi_Valley-type_Lead-zinc_deposits_of_the_Ozarks/links/00b7d53c97ac2d6fe7000000.pdf.
32. Lehmann, Bernd. 2008. “Uranium Ore Deposits.” Rev. Econ. Geol. AMS Online 2008. kenanaonline.com: 16–26.
33. London, David, and Daniel J. Kontak. 2012. “Granitic Pegmatites: Scientific Wonders and Economic Bonanzas.” Elements 8 (4). GeoScienceWorld: 257–61.
34. Mancuso, Joseph J., and Ronald E. Seavoy. 1981. “Precambrian Coal or Anthraxolite; a Source for Graphite in High-Grade Schists and Gneisses.” Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists 76 (4). economicgeology.org: 951–54.
35. McKenzie, Hermione, and Barrington Moore. 1970. “Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy.” JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27856441.
36. Needham, Joseph, Ling Wang, and Gwei Djen Lu. 1963. Science and Civilisation in China. Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press Cambridge.
37. Nuss, Philip, and Matthew J. Eckelman. 2014. “Life Cycle Assessment of Metals: A Scientific Synthesis.” PloS One 9 (7). journals.plos.org: e101298.
38. Orton, E. 1889. The Trenton Limestone as a Source of Petroleum and Inflammable Gas in Ohio and Indiana. U.S. Government Printing Office.
39. Palmer, M. A., E. S. Bernhardt, W. H. Schlesinger, K. N. Eshleman, E. Foufoula-Georgiou, M. S. Hendryx, A. D. Lemly, et al. 2010. “Science and Regulation. Mountaintop Mining Consequences.” Science 327 (5962). science.sciencemag.org: 148–49.
40. Pratt, Wallace Everette. 1942. Oil in the Earth. University of Kansas Press.
41. Quéré, C. Le, Robert Joseph Andres, T. Boden, T. Conway, R. A. Houghton, Joanna I. House, Gregg Marland, et al. 2013. “The Global Carbon Budget 1959–2011.” Earth System Science Data 5 (1). Copernicus GmbH: 165–85.
42. Richards, J. P. 2003. “Tectono-Magmatic Precursors for Porphyry Cu-(Mo-Au) Deposit Formation.” Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists 98 (8). economicgeology.org: 1515–33.
43. Rui-Zhong, Hu, Su Wen-Chao, Bi Xian-Wu, Tu Guang-Zhi, and Albert H. Hofstra. 2002. “Geology and Geochemistry of Carlin-Type Gold Deposits in China.” Mineralium Deposita 37 (3-4). Springer-Verlag: 378–92.
44. Schröder, K-P, and Robert Connon Smith. 2008. “Distant Future of the Sun and Earth Revisited.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 386 (1). mnras.oxfordjournals.org: 155–63.
45. Semaw, Sileshi, Michael J. Rogers, Jay Quade, Paul R. Renne, Robert F. Butler, Manuel Dominguez-Rodrigo, Dietrich Stout, William S. Hart, Travis Pickering, and Scott W. Simpson. 2003. “2.6-Million-Year-Old Stone Tools and Associated Bones from OGS-6 and OGS-7, Gona, Afar, Ethiopia.” Journal of Human Evolution 45 (2). Academic Press: 169–77.
46. Tappan, Helen, and Alfred R. Loeblich. 1970. “Geobiologic Implications of Fossil Phytoplankton Evolution and Time-Space Distribution.” Geological Society of America Special Papers 127 (January). specialpapers.gsapubs.org: 247–340.
47. Taylor, E. L., T. N. Taylor, and M. Krings. 2009. Paleobotany: The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants. Elsevier Science.
48. Tissot, B. 1979. “Effects on Prolific Petroleum Source Rocks and Major Coal Deposits Caused by Sea-Level Changes.” Nature 277. adsabs.harvard.edu: 463–65.
49. Vail, P. R., R. M. Mitchum Jr, S. Thompson III, R. G. Todd, J. B. Sangree, J. M. Widmier, J. N. Bubb, and W. G. Hatelid. 1977. “Seismic Stratigraphy and Global Sea Level Changes.” Seismic Stratigraphy-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration, Edited by Payton, CE, Tulsa, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 26: 49–212.
50. Vogel, J. C. 1970. “Groningen Radiocarbon Dates IX.” Radiocarbon 12 (2). journals.uair.arizona.edu: 444–71.
51. Willemse, J. 1969. “The Geology of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, the Largest Repository of Magmatic Ore Deposits in the World.” Economic Geology Monograph 4: 1–22.
52. Wrigley, E. A. 1990. Continuity, Chance and Change: The Character of the Industrial Revolution in England. Ellen McArthur Lectures ; 1987. Cambridge University Press.
53. Youngquist, Walter. 1998. “Shale Oil–The Elusive Energy.” Hubbert Center Newsletter 4.

Şekil Referansları

• Şekil 16.1: A Mode 1 Oldowan tool used for chopping. José-Manuel Benito Álvarez. 2007. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Canto_tallado_2-Guelmim-Es_Semara.jpg
• Şekil 16.2: Map of world mining areas. KVDP. 2009. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Simplified_world_mining_map_1.png
• Şekil 16.3: Hoover Dam provides hydroelectric energy and stores water for southern Nevada. Ubergirl. 2012. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hoover_Dam,_Colorado_River.JPG
• Şekil 16.4: Natural, octahedral shape of diamond. USGS. 2003. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rough_diamond.jpg
• Şekil 16.5: Banded-iron formations are an important ore of iron (Fe). Wilson44691. 2008. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MichiganBIF.jpg
• Şekil 16.6: Diagram illustrating the relative abundance of proven reserves, inferred reserves, resources, and undiscovered resources. Kindred Grey. 2022. CC BY 4.0.
• Şekil 16.7: McKelvey diagram showing different definitions for different degrees of concentration and understanding of mineral deposits. USGS. 1980. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:McKelveyDiagram.jpg
• Şekil 16.8: Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah. Doc Searls. 2016. CC BY 2.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bingham_Canyon_mine_2016.jpg
• Şekil 16.9: A surface coal mine in Wyoming. Bureau of Land Management. Unknown date. Public domain. https://www.usgs.gov/news/science-snippet/earthword-thermal-maturity
• Şekil 16.10: Underground mining in Estonia of oil shale. Kaupo Kikkas. 2011. CC BY-SA 4.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VKG_Ojamaa_kaevandus.jpg
• Şekil 16.11: A phosphate smelting operation in Alabama, 1942. Alfred T. Palmer. 1942. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TVA_phosphate_smelting_furnace.jpg
• Şekil 16.12: Coal power plant in Helper, Utah. David Jolley. 2007. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Castle_Gate_Power_Plant,_Utah_2007.jpg
• Şekil 16.13: Modern coral reefs and other highly-productive shallow marine environments are thought to be the sources of most petroleum resources. Toby Hudson. 2010. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coral_Outcrop_Flynn_Reef.jpg
• Şekil 16.14: World oil reserves in 2013. GunnMap; generated with settings from Emilfaro and A5b. 2014. CC BY-SA 1.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oil_Reserves.png
• Şekil 16.15: Examples of different forms of hydrocarbon traps: in the core region of anticlines. MagentaGreen. 2014. CC BY-SA 4.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anticlinal_Oil_trap.png
• Şekil 16.16: The rising sea levels of transgressions create onlapping sediments, regressions create offlapping. Woudloper. 2009. CC BY-SA 1.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Offlap_%26_onlap_EN.svg
• Şekil 16.17: Tar sandstone from the Miocene Monterey Formation of California. James St. John. 2015. CC BY 2.0. https://flic.kr/p/rECMTD
• Şekil 16.18: Global production of oil shale, 1880-2010. USGS. 2011. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Production_of_oil_shale.png
• Şekil 16.19: Schematic diagram of fracking. Mikenorton. 2012. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HydroFrac.png
• Şekil 16.20: USGS diagram of different coal rankings. USGS. 2009. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coal_Rank_USGS.png
• Şekil 16.21: Peat (also known as turf) consists of partially decayed organic matter. David Stanley. 2019. CC BY 2.0. https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peat_(49302157252).jpg
• Şekil 16.22: Anthracite coal, the highest grade of coal. USGS. 2007. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coal_anthracite.jpg
• Şekil 16.23: Gold-bearing quartz vein from California. James St. John. 2014. CC BY 2.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mother_Lode_Gold_OreHarvard_mine_quartz-gold_vein.jpg
• Şekil 16.24: Layered intrusion of dark chromium-bearing minerals, Bushveld Complex, South Africa. kevinzim / Kevin Walsh. 2006. CC BY 2.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chromitite_Bushveld_South_Africa.jpg
• Şekil 16.25: This pegmatite contains lithium-rich green elbaite (a tourmaline) and purple lepidolite (a mica). Parent Géry. 2011. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elba%C3%AFte_et_mica_(Br%C3%A9sil)_1.JPG
• Şekil 16.26: Schematic diagram of a kimberlite pipe. Asbestos. 2005. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VolcanicPipe.jpg
• Şekil 16.27: The complex chemistry around mid-ocean ridges. NOAA. 2011. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deep_Sea_Vent_Chemistry_Diagram.svg
• Şekil 16.28: The Morenci porphyry is oxidized toward its top (as seen as red rocks in the wall of the mine), creating supergene enrichment. Stephanie Salisbury. 2012. CC BY 2.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Morenci_Mine_2012.jpg
• Şekil 16.29: Garnet-augite skarn from Italy. Siim Sepp. 2012. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:00031_6_cm_grossular_calcite_augite_skarn.jpg
• Şekil 16.30: In this rock, a pyrite cube has dissolved (as seen with the negative “corner” impression in the rock), leaving behind small specks of gold. Matt Affolter (QFL247). 2009. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GoldinPyriteDrainage_acide.JPG
• Şekil 16.31: Underground uranium mine near Moab, Utah. Matt Affolter. 2010. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:UraniumMineUtah.JPG
• Şekil 16.32: Map of Mississippi-Valley type ore deposits. Kbh3rd. 2010. CC BY 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MV-Type_and_clastic_sediment-hosted_lead-zinc_deposits.svg
• Şekil 16.33: A sample of bauxite. Werner Schellmann. 1965. CC BY-SA 2.5. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bauxite_with_unweathered_rock_core._C_021.jpg
• Şekil 16.34: Lithified heavy mineral sand (dark layers) from a beach deposit in India. Photograph taken by Mark A. Wilson (Department of Geology, The College of Wooster). 2008. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HeavyMineralsBeachSand.jpg
• Şekil 16.35: Acid mine drainage in the Rio Tinto, Spain. Carol Stoker, NASA. 2002. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rio_tinto_river_CarolStoker_NASA_Ames_Research_Center.jpg
• Şekil 16.36: Carrara marble quarry in Italy, source to famous sculptures like Michelangelo’s David. Michele~commonswiki. 2006. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carrara_Marble_quarry.jpg
• Şekil 16.37: Salt-covered plain known as the Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah. Michael Pätzold. 2008. CC BY-SA 4.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bonneville_salt_flats_pilot_peak.jpg
• Şekil 16.38: Hanksite, Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl, one of the few minerals that is considered a carbonate and a sulfate. Matt Affolter(QFL247). 2009. CC BY-SA 3.0.
• Şekil 16.39: Apatite from Mexico. Robert M. Lavinsky. Before March 2010. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apatite-(CaF)-280343.jpg

Önceki Ders: Enerji ve Maden Kaynakları - Özet

Sonraki Ders: Evrenin ve Güneş Sistemimizin Kökeni

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• Introduction to Earth Science - Laura Neser tarafından uyarlanmıştır.
  
  https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/textbooks/introduction-to-earth-science
• Ders Listesi
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• Enerji ve Maden Kaynakları
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• Enerji ve Maden Kaynakları - Özet
• Enerji ve Maden Kaynakları - Yararlanılan Kaynaklar
• Evrenin ve Güneş Sistemimizin Kökeni
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• Evrenin ve Güneş Sistemimizin Kökeni - Özet
• Evrenin ve Güneş Sistemimizin Kökeni - Yararlanılan Kaynaklar