Küresel İklim Değişikliği - Yararlanılan Kaynaklar
Metin Referansları
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- Deynoux, M., Miller, J.M.G., and Domack, E.W., 2004, Earth’s Glacial Record: World and Regional Geology, Cambridge University Press, World and Regional Geology.
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- North Carolina State University, 2013b, Composition of the Atmosphere: Online, http://climate.ncsu.edu/edu/k12/.AtmComposition, accessed September 2016.
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Şekil Referansları
- Şekil 15.1: Composition of the atmosphere. NASA. 2019. Public domain. https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2915/the-atmosphere-getting-a-handle-on-carbon-dioxide/#:~:text=By%20volume%2C%20the%20dry%20air,methane%2C%20nitrous%20oxide%20and%20ozone.
- Şekil 15.2: Common greenhouse gases. Kindred Grey. 2022. CC BY 4.0. Water molecule 3D by Dbc334, 2006 (Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Water_molecule_3D.svg). Nitrous-oxide-dimensions-3D-balls by Ben Mills, 2007 (Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nitrous-oxide-dimensions-3D-balls.png). Methane-CRC-MW-3D-balls by Ben Mills, 2009 (Public domain, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Methane-CRC-MW-3D-balls.png). Carbon dioxide 3D ball by Jynto, 2011 (Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carbon_dioxide_3D_ball.png).
- Şekil 15.3: Carbon cycle. USGS. 2022. Public domain. https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/usgs-carbon-cycle
- Şekil 15.4: Incoming radiation absorbed, scattered, and reflected by atmospheric gases. Robert A. Rohde. 2013. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solar_spectrum_en.svg
- Şekil 15.5: Incoming solar radiation filtered by the atmosphere. NASA illustration by Robert Simmon. Astronaut photograph ISS013-E-8948. 2009. Public domain. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance/page4.php
- Şekil 15.6: Some of the thermal infrared energy (heat) radiated from the surface into the atmosphere is trapped by gasses in the atmosphere. NASA illustration by Robert Simmon. Photograph by Cyron, 2006 (CC BY-NC 2.0). https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance/page5.php
- Şekil 15.7: Net effect of factors influencing warming. IPCC. 2014. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Contributions_to_observed_surface_temperature_change_over_the_period_1951%E2%80%932010.svg
- Şekil 15.8: Land-ocean temperature index, 1880 to present, with a base time 1951-1980. NASA. 2010. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Global_Temperature_Trends.png
- Şekil 15.9: Latest CO2 reading as of September 20, 2022. Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego. 2022. Permissions statement. https://keelingcurve.ucsd.edu/
- Şekil 15.10: Keeling curve graph of the carbon dioxide concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory as of September 20, 2022. Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego. 2022. Permissions statement. https://keelingcurve.ucsd.edu/
- Şekil 15.11: Decline of Antarctic ice mass from 2002 to 2016. NASA. 2017. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ANTARCTICA_MASS_VARIATION_SINCE_2002.png
- Şekil 15.12: Maximum extent of Laurentide Ice Sheet. USGS. 2005. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pleistocene_north_ice_map.jpg
- Şekil 15.13: Global average surface temperature over the past 65 million years. Robert A. Rohde. 2005. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:65_Myr_Climate_Change.png
- Şekil 15.14: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Avsa. 2009. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Conveyor_belt.svg
- Şekil 15.15: A Pliocene–Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records. Used under fair use from A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records by Lorraine E. Lisiecki, Maureen E. Raymo (https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001071).
- Şekil 15.16: Sediment core from the Greenland continental slope. Hannes Grobe. 2008. CC BY 3.0. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PS1920-1_0-750_sediment-core_hg.jpg
- Şekil 15.17: Antarctic temperature changes during the last few glaciations compared to global ice volume. This figure was produced by Robert A. Rohde from publicly available data and is incorporated into the Global Warming Art project. 2012. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ice_Age_Temperature.png
- Şekil 15.18: 19 cm long section of ice core showing 11 annual layers with summer layers (arrowed) sandwiched between darker winter layers. NOAA. 2005. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GISP2_1855m_ice_core_layers.png?uselang=en-gb
- Şekil 15.19: Antarctic ice showing hundreds of tiny trapped air bubbles from the atmosphere thousands of years ago. Atmospheric Research, CSIRO. 2000. CC BY 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CSIRO_ScienceImage_518_Air_Bubbles_Trapped_in_Ice.jpg
- Şekil 15.20: Composite carbon dioxide record from last 800,000 years based on ice core data from EPICA Dome C Ice Core. Tomruen. 2011. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16147504
- Şekil 15.21: Tree rings form every year. Arpingstone. 2005. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tree.ring.arp.jpg
- Şekil 15.22: Summer temperature anomalies for the past 7,000 years. R.M.Hantemirov. 2010. CC BY 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yamal50.gif
- Şekil 15.23: Scanning electron microscope image of modern pollen with false color added to distinguish plant species. Dartmouth Electron Microscope Facility, Dartmouth College. 2011. Public domain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Misc_pollen_colorized.jpg
- Şekil 15.24: Total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (gigatonne of CO2-equivalent per year, GtCO2-eq/yr) from economic sectors in 2010. Kindred Grey. 2022. CC BY 4.0. Data from IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/05/SYR_AR5_FINAL_full_wcover.pdf
- Şekil 15.25: Annual global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in gigatonne of CO2-equivalent per year (GtCO2/yr) from fossil fuel combustion, cement production and flaring, and forestry and other land use (FOLU), 1750–2011. Kindred Grey. 2022. CC BY 4.0. Data from IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/05/SYR_AR5_FINAL_full_wcover.pdf
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